Eighth Grade Accomplishments

Click on the Terra Nova Skill to access web sites that contain lesson plans, practice and other helpful ideas in teaching these skills.

Language Arts Math Science
Social Studies Reading

Language Arts

Terra Nova Skill Sub-skill Objective(s)
Sentence Structure Complete/Fragment/Run-on 1. Distinguish between simple and compound sentences
2. Identify simple subjects and simple predicates in simple and compound sentences
3. Distinguish between simple and complete subjects and predicates
4. Identify the eight parts of speech and how they are used in sentences
5. Identify dependent and independent clauses
Sentence Structure / Combining 1. Identify simple sentences along with the parts of speech that complete them
2. Identify and learn types of conjunctions and how they connect simple sentences
3. Identify and learn relative pronouns and how they connect simple sentences
4. Identify and learn subordinate conjunctions and how they connect simple sentences
5. Identify correct use of commas and semicolons in connecting sentences
Misplaced Modifier Use the correct form of adjectives that compare in sentences
Mixed Structure Problems Combine sentences and clauses
Writing Strategies Relevance Write comparisons.
Sequence Use recall, sequence, and order in expressing written and oral ideas
Topic Sentence Write a paragraph with a topic and supporting and concluding sentences
Supporting Sentences Identify within a paragraph a topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentence.
Organize Information Engage in prewriting activities such as idea webs and simple outlines
Information Sources Summarize and write brief reports using notes and data from research
Connective/ Transitional Words Write sentences using connective/ transitional words to show comparisons and contrast
Editing Skills Usage Write complete sentences using capitalization and punctuation
Proofreading 1. Proofread and self-correct using editing marks
2. Produce a neat, final draft after proofreading and revising
Sentences, Phrases, Clauses End Mark 1. Determine correct end mark punctuation in a sentence (i.e., period, question mark, and exclamation mark)
2. Identify the appropriate use of punctuation in sentences, phrases, and clauses
3. Identify the appropriate use of punctuation with quotations and dialogue
Commas 1. Use between words, phrases, or clauses
2. Use in addresses, dates, friendly and business letters, and words in a series
3. Use commas to set off direct quotations in a sentence
4. Identify correct comma use to set off the exact words of a speaker and to separate a noun of direct address or explanatory phrase from rest of the sentence
5. Identify correct comma use between two independent clauses which are joined by coordinate conjunctions
6. Identify correct comma use to separate an adverb phrase or clause from the independent clause
7. Use a comma to separate city and state
Quotation Marks 1. Identify correct quotation mark use before and after direct quotations
2. Identify correct quotation mark use in titles of books, songs, poems, short stories, television programs, chapters of books, article in magazines, newspapers, and encyclopedias
3. Identify correct quotation mark use to indicate a word is slang or being used in a special way
4. Punctuate correctly with direct quotations within the context of phrases, sentences, clauses, or short paragraphs
5. Use a comma before a quotation when the speaker's name comes first
6. Use a comma, question mark, period, or an exclamation mark to end the quotation when the speaker's name comes last
7. Use a comma to separate the name from the quotation when a quotation is interrupted by the speaker's name
8. Use quotation marks around titles of poems, short stories, songs, articles, and book chapters
Semicolon  
Colon  
Writing Conventions Proper Nouns 1. Capitalize the name of a particular person, pet, place, thing, or idea
2. Capitalize initials
3. Capitalize geographical names
4. Capitalize languages, races, nationalities, and religions
5. Capitalize titles used with names of persons
6. Capitalize definite regions not referring to direction
7. Capitalize the first person pronoun "I"
Capitalize Titles Capitalize the first word of a title, last word, and every word in between except articles, short prepositions, and short conjunctions (book, newspaper, poem, song, movie, book chapter, magazine, article, play, film work of art, picture)
Apostrophe 1. Use an apostrophe to show that one or more letters have been left out of a word to form a contraction or to show words spelled as they are actually spoken
2. Identify and use an apostrophe to show that one or more numbers have been left out of numerals
3. Use an apostrophe to form the plural of a letter, number, sign, or word
4. Use an apostrophe to form possessive nouns
City/State 1. Capitalize the name of a city
2. Capitalize the name of a state
Letter Parts 1. Identify the parts of a business letter
2. Identify the parts of a friendly letter
3. Compare and contrast business and friendly letters
Proper Adjectives Identify adjectives that are capitalized because they are derived from proper nouns

(back to top)

Math

Terra Nova Skill Sub-skill Objective(s)
Number & Number Relations Compare Order 1. Compare fractions, decimal numbers and percents to determine equivalent values
2. Determine whether different forms are less than, greater than or equal to each other
3. Order numbers from least to greatest or greatest to least
Exponents 1. Identify base and exponent
2. Change from exponent form, to factor form, to standard form, and back
Scientific Notation 1. Read scientific notation
2. Write both extremely large and extremely small numbers using scientific notation
3. Recognize the use of both positive and negative exponents in scientific notation
Roots, Radicals 1. Identify and make radical symbol
2. Write the square of a number with the exponent and in standard form
3. Find square roots of perfect squares through 150
4. Recognize the inverse relationship between exponents and radicals (roots)
Computation Computation with Whole Numbers Add, subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers
Computation in Context 1. Determine the appropriate operation
2. Write and solve an appropriate problem
Numerical Estimation Estimation with Whole Numbers Find an estimate for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division problems involving whole numbers
Estimation with Decimals Find an estimate for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division problems involving decimals
Estimation with Fractions Find an estimate for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division problems involving fractions
Estimation with Money 1. Estimate amounts of money needed for various purchases
2. Estimate the discount and sale price of items
3. Estimate the amount of interest paid for loans or savings accounts
Estimation with Percents Approximate percents of numbers
Operation Concepts Model Problem Situation 1. Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena
2. Draw a model to illustrate real life problems
Measurement Scale Draw, Map and Model 1. Make a scale drawing
2. Create a model
3. Read and use a scale on map
Convert Measurement Units 1. Convert metric units
2. Convert customary units
Appropriate Unit Determine appropriate unit for measuring
Geometry & Spatial Sense Congruence & Similarity 1. Determine and draw congruent/similar figures
2. Find missing sides and/or angles of congruent/similar figures
Visualization/Spatial Reasoning 1. See figures from different prospective
2. Have knowledge of geometric shapes
Area 1. Find the area of polygons when given the formula
2. Find the area of circles when given the formula
3. Find surface area of three- dimensional figures when given the formula
Volume Find the volume of a three-dimensional object (rectangular prism) when given the formula
Transformations 1. Use one geometric shape in different positions to form a pattern (i.e., reflections, translations, and rotations)
Coordinate Geometry 1. Create geometric figures
2. Draw geometric figures on coordinate planes
3. Draw similar and congruent figures on coordinate system
Parts of a Circle Identify the center, radius, diameter, and chords of a circle
Circumference Determine the circumference of a circle
Point, Ray, Line, Plane 1. Identify points and segments on various figures
2. Identify points, segments, rays, lines, and angles
3. Identify planes and plane figures
Data Analysis, Statistics & Probability Geometric Pattern 1. Determine that a pattern is geometric
2. Determine missing terms in the given pattern
Number Pattern 1. Determine that the pattern is regular arithmetic
Function Determine the output F(x) given a specified rule
Inequality 1. Determine numbers that are less than, greater than, or equal to other numbers
2. Solve inequalities to determine appropriate values
3. Graph solutions to inequality problems
Expression Identify and write expressions
Solve Linear Equation 1. Recognize and use slope/intercept form
2. Graph solution on a coordinate plane
System of Equations Find the solution that works for two or more equations at the same time
Use Algebra to Solve Problems 1. Assign variables and create expressions
2. Formulate equations to solve problems
Problem Solving & Reasoning Formulate Problems 1. Create a math problem from a given situation
2. Decide processes and operations needed to solve problems
Evaluate Solution Determine whether a solution is reasonable
Decimals Place Value Read decimal numbers
Subtraction Subtract decimal numbers
Division Divide decimal numbers
Fractions Factors, Multiples, Divisibility 1. Find the factors and/or multiples of a given number
2. Determine whether a given number is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 using rules
3. Determine the greatest common factor and/or the least comon multiple
Prime/Composite Numbers 1. Determine whether a given number is prime or composite
2. Given two numbers, determine whether they are relatively prime
Addition Add various fractions and mixed numbers
Subtraction Subtract various fractions and mixed numbers
Multiplication Multiply various fractions and mixed numbers
Division Divide various fractions and mixed numbers
Integers Addition Add integers
Subtraction Subtract integers
Multiplication Multiply integers
Division Divide integers
Ratio Equivalent ratios 1. Write ratios in different forms
2. Reduce ratios to lowest terms
Sampling 1. Identify a sample of a population
2. Obtain a sample from a population
Proportion Proportions 1. Determine whether two ratios form a proportion
2. Solve proportion for missing quantity
Proportional Reasoning 1. Set up proportions appropriate to the problem
2. Solve proportions
Percents Percent Equivalents 1. Recognize percent as per hundred
2. Recognize amounts of more or less than 100 percent
3. Given the percent form, ratio form, or decimal form, determine the other forms
Percent 1. Calculate the percent of a given number
2. Find the part, given the percent and the total amount
3. Find the total amount, given the percent and the partial amount
4. Find percent increase/decrease
5. Compute simple interest
Order of Operations Order of Operations Follow order of operations to solve a multi-step problem including parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction
Algebraic Operations Simplify Expressions Write expression in simplest form by combining like terms
Evaluating Evaluate expressions given a value for the variable

(back to top)

Reading

Terra Nova Skill Sub-skill Objective(s)
Basic Understanding Vocabulary Identify the meaning of vocabulary based on the current basal text
Stated Information Recall facts and story details
Sequence Recognize, recall, and order events in a passage using signal words (i.e., before, during, after, first, next, while, and later) and be able to use this information to create a chart
Initial Understanding Demonstrate an understanding of a passage
Stated Information Graphics Derive meaning from pictures, graphs and charts
Analyze Text Main Idea/Theme Distinguish the central or pervasive theme of a passage from supporting details
Supporting Evidence Find details in a selection to support a statement
Conclusions Make inferences using information given in a written passage using own experiences and sources (i.e., newspaper, magazine, internet, etc.)
Cause/Effect Determine how an event which happens first (known as the cause) produces a result (effect)
Compare/Contrast Analyze similarities and differences in characters or events
Story Elements/Plot Identify the sequence of important events in a story using exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution
Story Elements/Character Analyze characters and their actions recognizing major and minor characters
Story Elements/Setting Identify details in order to conclude when and where a story takes place which may include geographic location, historical period, the season of the year, the time of the day, the beliefs, customs, and standard of a society
Literary Techniques/Strategies Read and be exposed to a variety of literary techniques such as figurative language, poetry, imagery, and humor
Persuasive Techniques Identify persuasive techniques ( i.e., propaganda, generalization, testimonial, etc.)
Non-Fiction Elements Recognize prose writing that presents and explains ideas that tell about real people, places, objects, or events by reading biographies, essays, newspaper articles, etc.
Evaluate & Extend Meaning Generalize Make inferences and recognize unstated assumptions
Fact/Opinion Distinguish between statements that can be proven or statements that reflect personal beliefs that can be debated
Author/Purpose Identify the reason an author wrote a story: to entertain, to persuade, to inform, or to express feelings or beliefs
Author/Point of View Recognize perspective from which the story is told and how the author feels about the topic
Author/Tone Determine the author's attitude and how the reader felt after reading the selection
Author/Bias Determine the side of an issue that the author favors
Predict/Hypothesize Use information to speculate what will happen next in a given selection
Extend/Apply Meaning Apply and transfer what has been learned to evaluate new situations and go beyond the information given
Reality/Fantasy Discern things that could happen in real life from things that could not really happen
Critical Assessment Use prior knowledge to assess and analyze information
Identify Reading Strategies Make Connections Make connections between the text, graphic representations of textual concepts, and other situations
Apply Genre Criteria Determine the characteristics of types of literature (i.e., poetry, prose, and drama)
Utilize Structure Recognize the way information in a story or article is organized
Vocabulary Strategies Derive word meaning using structural or context clues as the word is used in a sentence
Self-Monitor Check understanding of a selection by questioning, predicting, clarifying, etc.
Summarize Construct a brief statement that contains the main idea of a passage using own words
Synthesize Across Text Bring together various types of information from different sources
Graphic Strategies Translate visual information to determine meaning of a passage
Formulate Questions Engage in a thinking process while reading in an effort to understand characters and events
Word Meaning Antonyms Identify words with opposite meanings
Synonyms Identify words with similar or equal meanings
Appropriate Word Select the word that fits a sentence and gives the desired connotation
Multimeaning Words Multimeaning Words Evaluate the appropriateness of words when their meanings shift in more than one sentence
Words in Context Words in Context Use context clues to determine words missing from passages.
Vowels Long Vowels Identify the correct spelling of long vowel sounds in words presented in sentences and phrases.
Short Vowels Identify the correct spelling of short vowel sounds in words presented in sentences and phrases
Schwa Recognize the schwa sound (see Resource book).

(back to top)

Science

Terra Nova Skill Sub-skill Objective(s)
Science Inquiry Abilities 1. Refine and refocus ill-defined questions
2. Clarify questions and inquires and direct them towards objects and phenomena that can be described, explained, or predicted by scientific investigations
Understanding 1. Understand that different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations. Some involve observing and describing objects, organisms, or events; some involve seeking more information; some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; and some involve making models
2. Understand that mathematics is important in all aspects of scientific inquiry
3. Understand that technology used to gather data enhances accuracy, and allows scientists to analyze and quantify the results of investigations
4. Understand that scientific explanations emphasize evidence, and change when there is new evidence
Physical Science Properties 1. Recognize that objects and materials can be sorted and ordered in terms of their properties
2. Recognize that size, weight, and shape are properties of a particular object while color, hardness, solubility, and texture are properties of the material from which the object is made
Energy 1. Recognize that energy comes in many forms: light, heat, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, and electrical
2. Recognize that energy can be neither created nor destroyed but can only change form
3. Recognize that most energy on earth comes from the sun in the form of light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation
4. Recognize that heat energy is transferred by conduction (molecule to molecule), radiation (through space in electromagnetic waves), or by convection currents
5. Recognize that electricity can be converted to heat, light, sound, or radiant energy
6. Recognize that energy is released or absorbed in chemical reactions
Magnetism  
Motions & Forces 1. Recognize that vibrations move at different speeds in different materials, with different wavelengths and different frequencies
2. Recognize that light interacts with matter by transmission or absorption and that, to see an object, light must enter the eye
3. Recognize that the electromagnetic spectrum includes all radiant energy as well as visible light
4. Recognize that an object's motion can be represented graphically according to position, duration and speed
5. Recognize that motion is judged relative to some other object or point of reference
6. Recognize that Newton's Laws of Motion explain the natural actions in the physical world
Light, Heat & Electricity 1. Recognize that just as electricity produces magnetism, magnetism produces electricity
2. Recognize that heat moves in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones, until both reach the same temperature
3. Recognize that light interacts with matter by transmission, absorption, or scattering
4. Recognize that electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical changes are produced
Chemical Reactions 1. Know that more than 100 elements combine in many ways to produce compounds resulting in living and nonliving substances of our environment, and that elements do not break down by ordinary means such as heat, light, cooling, and compressing
2.Know that elements are grouped according to similar properties such as high or less reactive metals to completely non-reactive gases
3. Know that atoms in solids are closely packed together and can only vibrate while atoms in liquids move freely over each other, but atoms in gases bounce off of each other leaving much space between
4. Know that atoms combine to form molecules (or crystals), the smallest part of a substance that retains the characteristics of that substance
5. Know that no matter how atoms & molecules interact with each in a system, the mass is neither created nor destroyed
6. Know that temperature and acidity greatly affect the rate of reactions in liquids
7. Know that oxidation involves the combining of oxygen with another chemical in burning, rusting, or reduction reactions
Life Science Characteristic of Organisms  
Populations & Ecosystems 1. Recognize that a population is all individuals of species that occur together at a given place
2. Recognize that all populations living together and the physical factors with which they interact compose an ecosystem
3. Recognize that populations are classified as producers (plants and some bacteria); consumers (animals); or decomposers (bacteria and fungi)
4. Recognize that food webs or chains identify the relationships among producers
5. Recognize that sunlight fuels the complete ecosystem by photosynthesis in the plant producers
6. Recognize that the number of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on the resources available: (i.e., light, air, soil, etc.)
Life Cycles  
The Cell  
Diversity & Adaptation Recognize that animals and plants have a great variety of body plans and internal structures that contribute to their being able to find food and reproduce
Regulation & Behavior 1. Recognize that all organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing environment
2. Recognize that regulation of an organism's internal environment involves sensing the internal environment and changing physiological activities to keep conditions within the range required to survive
3. Recognize that an organism can make a behavioral response to a stimulus; the response can be at the cellular, organ, or whole body level; it can be determined by heredity or by experience
4. Recognize that an organism's behavior evolves through adaptation to its environment
Structure & Function 1. Recognize that living systems use levels of organization including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems
2. Recognize that organisms are composed of cells, the fundamental units of life
3. Recognize that a single cell or multicellular organism carries on the basic functions of life, (i.e., growth, reproduction, use of food and water, release of waste, and irritability)
4. Recognize that disease is a breakdown in structures or functions of an organism
Reproduction & Heredity 1. Recognize that reproduction is characteristic to all living things
2. Recognize that where as no organism lives forever, reproduction is essential to the continuation of the species
3. Recognize that reproduction is accomplished both sexually and asexually
4. Recognize that characteristics of an organism can be described as a combination of traits from different parents and from the environment
5. Recognize that hereditary information is contained in the genes located in the chromosomes
6. Recognize that selective breeding can cause small differences in parents and offspring to accumulate in successive generations resulting in great differences in descendants and their ancestors
Earth & Space Earth in the Solar System 1. Understand that the Earth is the third planet from the sun in a system that includes the moon, the sun, and eight other planets and their moons and smaller objects such as asteroids and comets
2. Understand that most objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motion
3. Understand that gravity is the force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun and governs the rest of the motion in the solar system
4. Understand that the Sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on the Earth such as plant growth, wind, tides, ocean currents, and the water cycle
Earth's History 1. Understand that the earth processes we see today, including erosion, movement of the lithospheric plates, and changes in the atmospheric composition are similar to those that have occurred in the past, and that knowledge of such occurrences provide the ability to make predictions as to possible events
2. Understand that fossils provide important evidence of how life and the environment have changed
Properties of Earth Materials  
Earth System 1. Understand that the solid Earth is layered with a lithosphere- hot, convecting mantle; and a dense metallic core
2. Understand that lithospheric plates constantly move at the rate of just centimeters per year in response to the movements of the mantle, and result in the events of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building
3. Understand that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive forces
4. Understand that changes in the crust include the rock cycle; rock is weathered and deposited in water as silt, compressed, heated, and recrystallized to form new rock
5. Understand that soil consists of weathered rocks, and decomposed organic materials from dead plants, animals, and bacteria
6. Understand that water, which covers the majority of the Earth's surface circulates through the crust, oceans, and atmosphere in what is known as the water cycle
7. Understand that water is a solvent, as it passes through the water cycles it dissolves minerals and carries them to the oceans
8. Understand that the atmosphere is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and trace gases and has different characteristics at different elevations
9. Understand that clouds, formed by condensation of water vapor, affect weather and climate

 
Science & Technology Understanding Science & Technology 1. Understand that scientific inquiry and technology have similarities but also differences
2. Understand that scientists propose explanations for questions about the natural world while engineers use science to solve problems of the human experience
3. Understand that technological solutions are temporary
4. Understand that science and technology are reciprocals; science drives technology as it addresses questions and technology provides instruments to improve observations in science
Abilities of Technological Design 1. Understand that all technological solutions have trade-off, such as safety, cost, efficiency, and appearance
2. Understand that technological designs have unavoidable constraints such as properties of materials, effects of weather and friction; other factors limiting choices may be human safety, environmental protection, and aesthetics
Personal & Social Perspectives Populations 1. Understand that when an area becomes overpopulated, the environment will become degraded due to the increased use of resources
2. Understand that causes of environmental degradation and resource depletion vary from region to region and from country to country
Natural Resources Understand that natural resources are renewable or non-renewable
Environment Quality 1. Understand that the natural environment may contain substances (i.e., radon, and lead) that are harmful to human beings
2. Understand that maintaining environmental health involves establishing or monitoring quality standards related to use of soil, air, and water
Personal & Community Health 1. Understand that regular exercise is important to the maintenance and improvement of health
2. Understand that the potential for accidents and the existence of hazards imposes the need for injury prevention
3. Understand that the use of tobacco increases the risk of illness
4. Understand that the use of alcohol and the abuse of other drugs increases illness
Risk/Benefits 1. Understand that risk analysis considers the type of hazard and estimates the number of people that might be exposed and the number likely to suffer consequences; the results are used to determine the options for reducing or eliminating risks
2. Understand that risks are associated with natural hazards (fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions), with chemical hazards (pollutants in the air, water, soil, and food), with biological hazards (pollen, viruses, bacteria, and parasites), with social hazards (occupational safety and transportation), and with personal hazards (smoking, dieting, drinking)
3. Understand that individuals can apply a systematic approach to thinking critically about risks and benefits
4. Understand that important personal and social decisions are made based on perceptions of benefit and risk (i.e., Although 50,000 people a year die of automobile accidents, most students would choose to ride in a car.)

(back to top)

Social Studies

Terra Nova Skill Sub-skills Objective(s)
Geographic Perspective Location, Place, Regions 1. Analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on the Earth's surface
2. Review the characteristics of the six physical regions of Tennessee
Movement Understand the characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations of Earth's surface
Human Environment Interaction 1. Analyze the characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems on the Earth's surface
2. Explore how physical systems affect the development of human systems
3. Explain how human actions modify the physical environment
Process/Investigation 1. Demonstrate how to use maps and other geographic tools and techniques to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective
2. Understand the physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface
Historical & Cultural Perspectives Time, Continuity, Change 1. Explore American territorial expansion and how it affected relations with European and American powers and Native Americans
2. Explain the expanding intercontinental exchange and encounters brought on by exploration and colonization
3. Examine different European countries' motives for exploration and colonization and the resulting struggle for control of North America
Cultures, Cultural Diversity 1. Review the conflict of cultures as three worlds meet in the exploration and colonization of the Western Hemisphere
2. Examine the contributions of both free and enslaved Africans and disenfranchised women to the development of English colonies and the United States
3. Explore the cultures of the Western Hemisphere's native peoples
People, Places, Events 1. Identify the important leaders and events in the development of ancient civilizations
2. Identify the causes, major events, and personalities of the American Revolution
3. Explore the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War and reconstruction
4. Evaluate the contributions made by Tennesseans to American westward expansion
5. Examine the character, successes, and failures of reform movements of the early 1800's
Process/Investigation 1. Investigate the feudalism and the rise of the Christian church as the dominant factors in Medieval Europe
2. Investigate the development of major religions among both ancient eastern and western cultures
3. Analyze how Native American societies change as a result of expanding European and America settlements
4. Distinguish between primary and secondary sources of data from which historical events are related
5. Analyze the sectional differences that evolved with the westward movement, expansion of slavery, and emerging industrialization
Civic & Government Perspectives Basic Concepts 1. Explore the development of the United States' political system from the American Revolution through Civil War and Reconstruction
2. Recognize the Bill of Rights and the protection it provides to individual citizens
3. Demonstrate an appreciation for the rights and opinions of others
4. Understand the concept of the city-state as an early form of government
Purposes of Government Review the role of government in regulating the rights of citizenship
Democratic Processes/Structures 1. Identify the three branches of the federal government and explain how they interact
2. Distinguish differences between representative democracy and other forms of government
3. Understand the need to be informed on current issues to select effective leaders
Process/Investigation 1. Understand the United States Constitution in both principle and practice
2. Evaluate the necessity of establishing and enforcing the rule of law
3. Explore the role of government in balancing the rights of individuals versus the common good
Economic Perspectives Production, Distribution, Consumption 1. Explain the change from food gathering to food production as early civilization developed
2. Examine the role of banks and government taxation and spending in the functioning of market economies
3. Understand the relationship among scarcity of resources, economic development, and international conflict
Science/Technology/Society 1. Explore the economic changes as European societies evolved from feudalism to nation-states
2. Explain the economic impact of improved communication and transportation
3. Analyze how changes in technologies, supply, and demand interact to change the cost for goods and services
Process/Investigation 1. Investigate the impact of trade on the economies of early civilization
2. Analyze the effects of exploration and colonization on a nation's economy
3. Evaluate the increasing interdependence among the economies of the nation of the world

(back to top)

Objectives courtesy of Bristol City Schools